Oh my goodness! Unless you are a Tree of Life developer, you really shouldn't be here. This page is part of our beta test site, where we develop new features for the ToL, often messing up a thing or two in the process. Please visit the official version of this page, which is available here.
Peer-Reviewed

Structure of the Amphilinidea Juvenile and Adult

Klaus Rohde

Adult worms are dorso-ventrally flattened and not divided into a strobila (chain) of proglottids ("segments") as in the eucestodes. They are hermaphroditic, each worm containing one set of male and one set of female reproductive organs (Figs. 1 and 2) (Dubinina, 1982).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 1. Juvenile Amphilina foliacea. Note uterine and vaginal openings at anterior end, and male gonopore at posterior end (redrawn from Dubinina, 1982).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 2. Adult Amphilina foliacea with vaginal opening and male gonopore, and various reproductive organs and ducts (redrawn from Dubinina, 1982).

The uterine opening is located at the anterior end and near it are penetration glands which produce histolytic secretion. The main excretory ducts are arranged in various ways. For example, in Amphilina foliacea they form a network (Fig.3A), in Gephyrolina paragonopora two longitudinal ducts are connected by transverse ones (Fig.3B).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 3. Excretory ducts of Amphilina foliacea (A) and Gephyrolina paragonopora (B) (redrawn from Dubinina, 1982).

Sensory receptors are of several types (Fig.4), although not as many have been demonstrated as in the larva, possibly because of the large size of the worms which makes it difficult to find all the receptor types.

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 4. Sensory receptors of juvenile Austramphilina elongata based on electron-microscopic studies (redrawn from Rohde and Watson, 1990a).

During vitellogenesis (formation of yolk), cytoplasm of small yolk cells gradually increases in volume, and many lipid droplets and shell protein granules are formed which contribute to the formation of the egg shell ( Fig.5).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 5. Vitellogenesis (yolk formation) in Austramphilina elongata. 1. young yolk cell, 2. maturing yolk cell, 3. yolk. Note the formation of lipid droplets and shell-protein granules (redrawn from Xylander, 1988).

Spermiogenesis is as in other parasitic platyhelminths, i.e., spermatids form clusters connected by a central cytophore, spermatids are transformed to sperm by elongation, and two flagella grow out which fuse with the sperm body in a proximo-distal direction, i.e., beginning near their base. Finally, sperm separate from the cluster (Rohde and Watson, 1986a).

References

Bazitov, A., Lyapkalo, A. and Yukhimenko (1979). [Spermatogenesis of Amphilina japonica (Goto et Ishii, 1936) (Amphilinidea)]. Vestnik Zoologi (Kiew) 1, 50-55 (In Russian).

Coil, W. H. (1987). The oogenotop of Amphilina bipunctata (Cestodaria). Parasitology Research 73, 75-79.

Coil, W. H. (1991). Platyhelminthes: Cestoidea. In "Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Vol. 3: Platyhelminthes and Nemertinea", (F. W. Harrison and B. J. Bogitsh, eds). Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 211-283.

Dubinina, M.N. (1982). Parasitic worms of the class Amphilinida (Platyhelminthes). "Nauka", Leningrad (in Russian). (Older references therein).

Rohde, K. (1994). The minor groups of parasitic Platyhelminthes. Advances in Parasitology 33, 145- 234.

Rohde, K. and Watson, N. (1986a). Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and sperm of Austramphilina elongata (Platyhelminthes, Amphilinidea). Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology 18, 361-374.

Rohde, K. and Watson, N. (1986b). Ultrastructure of the sperm ducts of Austramphilina elongata (Platyhelminthes, Amphilinidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger 217, 23-30.

Rohde, K. and Watson, N. (1989). Ultrastructural studies of larval and juvenile Austramphilina elongata (Platyhelminthes, Amphilinidea); penetration into, and early development in the intermediate host, Cherax destructor. International Journal for Parasitology 19, 529-538.

Rohde, K. and Watson, N. (1990a). Ultrastructural studies of juvenile Austramphilina elongata. Transmission electron-microscopy of sensory receptors. Parasitology Research 76, 336-342.

Rohde, K. and Watson, N. (1990b). Ultrastructural studies of juvenile Austramphilina elongata.: scanning and transmission electron-microscopy of the tegument. International Journal for Parasitology 20, 271-277.

Xylander, W. E. R. (1986). Zur Biologie und Ultrastruktur der Gyrocotylida und Amphilinida sowie ihre Stellung im phylogenetischen System der Plathelminthes. Ph.D. Dissertation thesis, Göttingen.

Xylander, W. E. R. (1988). Ultrastructural studies on the reproductive system of Gyrocotylidea and Amphilinidea (Cestoda). I. Vitellarium, vitellocyte development and vitelloduct in Amphilina foliacea (Rudolphi, 1819). Parasitology Research 74, 363-370.

About This Page

Klaus Rohde
University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

Page: Tree of Life Structure of the Amphilinidea Juvenile and Adult Authored by Klaus Rohde. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

close box

This page is an article that is attached to a branch of the Tree of Life.

ToL articles provide more in-depth information about important features of a given group of organisms.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

close box

Amphilinidea

Page Content

articles & notes

collections

people

Explore Other Groups

random page

  go to the Tree of Life home page
top