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Note

Taxa Associated with the Family Cranchiidae Prosch, 1847

Michael J. Sweeney and Richard E. Young

(data as of June 2002)

Nominal Genus-Level Taxa

Anisoctus Rafinesque, 1840:65.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- ?Leachia Lesueur, 1821 [fide Hoyle (1910b:407)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Anisoctus punctatus Rafinesque, 1840; species first mentioned

Anomalocranchia Robson, 1924a:9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia Chun, 1910 [fide Voss (1980:400)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Anomalocranchia impennis Robson, 1924 by original designation

Ascocranchia Voss, 1962c:1.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Helicocranchia Massy, 1907 [fide Voss (1980:382)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Ascocranchia joubini Voss, 1962 by original designation

(Ascoteuthis) Berry, 1920b:295.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884 [fide Voss (1980:398)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Teuthowenia (Ascoteuthis) corona Berry, 1920 by original designation

Bathothauma Chun, 1906:86.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:384)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Bathothauma lyromma Chun, 1906 by monotypy

Belonella Lane, 1957:240.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Taonius Steenstrup, 1861 [fide Voss (1980:390)]; valid genus [fide Nesis (1987a:264)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Substitute name for Toxeuma Chun, 1906

Carynoteuthis Voss, 1960:434.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884 [fide Voss (1980:398)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Carynoteuthis oceanica Voss, 1960 by original designation

Corynomma Chun, 1906:85.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884 [fide Voss (1980:398)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Corynomma speculator Chun, 1906 by monotypy

Cranchia Leach, 1817b:140.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:376)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Cranchia scabra Leach, 1817 species first mentioned and by subsequent designation of Steenstrup (1861b:72)

Crystalloteuthis Chun, 1906:85.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898 [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Crystalloteuthis glacialis Chun, 1906 by monotypy

Desmoteuthis Verrill, 1881 In 1880-1881:300.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Taonius Steenstrup, 1861 [fide Berry (1912c:643)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Leachia hyperborea Steenstrup, 1856 original designation

Drechselia Joubin, 1931:197.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Nesis (1987a:264)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Drechselia danae Joubin, 1931 by monotypy

Dyctydiopsis Rochebrune, 1884a:16.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia Lesueur, 1821 [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Loligopsis ellipsoptera Adams and Reeve, 1848 by monotypy

Egea Joubin, 1933:43.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:396)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Egea inermis Joubin, 1933 by monotypy

Euzygaena Chun, 1910:355.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Invalid name [fide Voss (1980:403)]; Substitute name for Zygaenopsis Rochebrune, 1884

Fusocranchia Joubin, 1920:73.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Liocranchia Pfeffer, 1884 [fide Voss (1980:378)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Fusocranchia alpha Joubin, 1920 by monotypy

Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898a:292.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Galiteuthis armata Joubin, 1898 by monotypy

Helicocranchia Massy, 1907:382.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:382)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Helicocranchia pfefferi Massy, 1907 by monotypy

Hensenioteuthis Pfeffer, 1900:193.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Nomen dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]; Helicocranchia Massy, 1907 [fide Nesis (1987a:266)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Hensenioteuthis joubini Pfeffer, 1900 by monotypy

Leachia Lesueur, 1821:89.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Leachia cyclura Lesueur, 1821 by monotypy

Leucocranchia Joubin, 1912b:396.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Bathothauma Chun, 1906 [fide Voss (1980:384)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Leucocranchia pfefferi Joubin, 1912 by monotypy

Liguriella Issel, 1908:103.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:388)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Liguriella podophthalma Issel, 1908 by monotypy

Liocranchia Pfeffer, 1884:25.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:378)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Leachia reinhardti Steenstrup, 1856 by subsequent designation of Berry (1914b:346)

Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884:24.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:398)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Megalocranchia maxima Pfeffer, 1884 by original designation

Mesonychoteuthis Robson, 1925:272.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:394)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni Robson, 1925 by original designation

(Owenia) Prosch, 1847:71.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Invalid junior homonym of Owenia Chiaie, 1844 (Polychaeta); Teuthowenia Chun, 1910 [fide Voss (1980:400)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Cranchia (Owenia) megalops Prosch, 1847 by monotypy

Perothis Rathke, 1833:149.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia Lesueur, 1821 [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Perothis eschscholtzii Rathke, 1833 by subsequent designation of Hoyle (1910b:411)

Phasmatopsis Rochebrune, 1884a:15.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Nomen dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Phasmatopsis cymoctypus Rochebrune, 1884 by monotypy

Phasmatoteuthion Pfeffer, 1912:728.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898 [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Taonius richardi Joubin, 1895 by monotypy

Procalistes Lankester, 1884:317.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Nomen dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Procalistes suhmi Lankester, 1884 by monotypy

Pyrgopsis Rochebrune, 1884a:23.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid subgenus of Leachia Lesueur, 1821 [fide Nesis (1987a:261)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Pyrgopsis rynchophorus Rochebrune, 1884 by monotypy

Sandalops Chun, 1906:86.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:386)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Sandalops melancholicus Chun, 1906 by monotypy

Taonidium Pfeffer, 1900:192.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis Joubin, 1898 [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Taonius suhmi Hoyle, 1886 by monotypy

Taonius Steenstrup, 1861b:83.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:390)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Loligo pavo Lesueur, 1821 by original designation

Teuthowenia Chun, 1910:376.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid genus [fide Voss (1980:400)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Cranchia (Owenia) megalops Prosch, 1847 by monotypy

Toxeuma Chun, 1906:86.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Invalid junior homonym of Toxeuma Walker, 1833 (Insecta)
TYPE SPECIES. -- Toxeuma belone Chun, 1906 by monotypy

Uranoteuthis Lu and Clarke, 1974:985.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Sandalops Chun, 1906 [fide Voss (1980:386)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Uranoteuthis bilucifer Lu and Clarke, 1974 by monotypy

Verrilliteuthis Berry, 1916:64.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia Chun, 1910 [fide Voss (1980:400)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Desmoteuthis tenera Verrill, 1881 by monotypy

Vossoteuthis Nesis, 1974:12.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Liguriella Issel, 1908 [fide Voss (1980:388)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Desmoteuthis pellucida Chun, 1910 by original designation

Zygaenopsis Rochebrune, 1884a:19.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Preoccupied in Lepidoptera [fide Hoyle (1909:276)]; Nomen dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Loligopsis zygaena Verany, 1851 by monotypy

Zygocranchia Hoyle, 1909:276.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Non-valid name [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE SPECIES. -- Loligopsis zygaena Verany, 1851 by monotypy

Nominal Species-Level Taxa (As Introduced Binomial)

Taonius abyssicola Goodrich, 1896:17, pl 5 figs 72-80.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Megalocranchia abyssicola [fide Voss (1960:437)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; ZSI? Holotype
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Laccadive Sea

Fusocranchia alpha Joubin, 1920:73, pl 14 figs 5-9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Liocranchia reinhardti (Steenstrup, 1856) [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MOM Syntypes (3) [only specimen from station 1880 listed in Belloc (1950:9); 2 smaller syntypes from stations 1856 and 1872 not listed]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Halfway between Azores and Canary Islands (32°18'N, 23°58'W); Azores (36∞46'N, 26∞41'W); 37°35'N, 24°40'W

Teuthowenia antarctica Chun, 1910:376, pl 56 figs 1-5, pl 57 figs 3-7.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis glacialis (Chun, 1906) [fide Nesis (1987a:275)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Holotype Moll.-110002 [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:272)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 55°57'S, 16°14'E (Southern Ocean)

Galiteuthis armata Joubin, 1898a:292, figs 1-9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MHNN Holotype
TYPE LOCALITY. --?Nice, Mediterranean Sea

Galiteuthis aspera Filippova, 1972:400, fig 7.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis glacialis (Chun, 1906) [fide Nesis (1987a:275)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; ZMMGU?
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Scotia Sea

Pyrgopsis atlantica Degner, 1925:54, figs 38-40.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Leachia (Pyrgopsis) atlantica [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Holotype [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:220)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 36°13'N, 9°44'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Megalocranchia megalops australis Voss, 1967:82, pls 8-9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia pellucida (Chun, 1910) [fide Voss (1985:42)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- SAM Holotype A29733
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 38°52'S, 33°10'E (Indian Ocean)

Helicocranchia beebei Robson, 1948:130, text-figs 15-18.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Helicocranchia pfefferi Massy, 1907 [fide Nesis (1987a:271)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Syntypes (6) 1947.7.7.3-6 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:106)];
repository of remaining 2 syntypes unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- South of Cocos Island; Galapagos Islands

Toxeuma belone Chun, 1906:86.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Belonella belone [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved [fide Voss (1980:390)] Holotype
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 10°08'S, 97°14'E (Indian Ocean) [fide Chun (1910:380)]

Bathothauma bergeti Joubin, 1912b:397.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Nomen nudum.

Crystalloteuthis beringiana Sasaki, 1920:202, pl 26 fig 4.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis phyllura Berry, 1911 [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 332921 [fide Roper and Sweeney (1978:4)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Off Attu Island, Aleutians Islands (52°55'30"N, 173°30'E)

Anisoctus bicolor Rafinesque, 1840:65.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. --?Leachia sp. [fide Hoyle (1910b:407)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated

Uranoteuthis bilucifer Lu and Clarke, 1974:985, figs 1-2.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Sandalops melancholicus Chun, 1906 [fide Nesis (1987a:266)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype [fide Voss (1980:386)]; not found [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:114)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 17°28'N, 24°50'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Belonella pacifica borealis Nesis, 1972a:343, fig 2.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Belonella borealis [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZIN Holotype
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 44°07.8'N, 150°26.7'E (N Pacfic Ocean)

Bathothauma boureei Joubin, 1912b:397.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Nomen nudum.

Liocranchia brockii Pfeffer, 1884:25, figs 33-33a.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Liocranchia reinhardti (Steenstrup, 1856) [fide Pfeffer (1912:667)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMH Syntypes (3) [species not traced in Guerrero-Kommritz (2001)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Postillon Island [Sabalana Island, 7°S, 119°E], Java Sea (1, vend. Putze); NW coast of New Guinea (2, vend. Putze) [see comments by Pfeffer (1912:56, bottom) re specimens purchased from Putze]

Taonidium chuni Pfeffer, 1912:725.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis sp. [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; ZMB? Holotype [= Chun (1910:391, pl 61 figs 9-10)]; species not traced in Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000)
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Off Sao Thome, 0°25'N, 7°E (Eastern Atlantic Ocean)

Teuthowenia (Ascoteuthis) corona Berry, 1920b:296, pl 16 fig 7.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Megalocranchia sp. [fide Voss (1980:398)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 338695 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:13)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 32°27'N, 68°22'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Loligo cranchii Blainville, 1823:123.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Cranchia scabra Leach, 1817 [fide D'Orbigny (1845:240) In 1845-1847]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; [other Blainville types at MNHN?] [not reported by Lu
†† et al. (1995)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Mers occidentales de l'Afrique

Leachia cyclura Lesueur, 1821:90, pl 6.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ANSP Holotype; specimen not extant [fide Voss (1962e:1) and see Lu et al. (1995:314)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- "Inhabits Pacific Ocean". Also states "This description is taken from a drawing made by Mr. Petit, from a specimen obtained in the Pacific Ocean, in lat. 37° South, and long. 33° East" [= off South Africa]

Phasmatopsis cymoctypus Rochebrune, 1884a:15, pl 1 figs 1-4.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Species dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Holotype; specimen not extant [fide Lu et al. (1995:314) and Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Atlantic Ocean, around Madeira

Drechselia danae Joubin, 1931:197, text-figs 33-46.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Nesis (1987a:264)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Syntypes (2) [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:221)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 6°40'N, 80°47'W (Pacific Ocean)

Leachia dislocata Young, 1972:80, pls 30b, 31-32.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia (Pyrgopsis) pacifica (Issel, 1908) [fide Nesis (1987a:271)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- SBMNH Holotype 34999 [fide Scott et al. (1990:20)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 32°35'N, 118°06'W, eastern North Pacific Ocean

Perothis dubia Rathke, 1833:170, figs 16-18.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia sp. [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; probably not extant [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Unresolved

Perothis dussumieri Rochebrune, 1884a:26.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia sp.? [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Syntype 3-8-740 [fide Lu et al. (1995:315)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Banc des Aiguilles, Cape of Good Hope

Sandalops ecthambus Berry, 1920b:297, pl 16 fig 2.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Systematic status undetermined
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 338697 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:13)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- North of Little Bahama Bank [27°46'N, 78°46'W (Atlantic Ocean)]

Loligopsis ellipsoptera Adams and Reeve, 1848[1848-1850]:2, pl 1 fig 1.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Leachia (Leachia) ellipsoptera [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Holotype specimen not extant [fide Voss (1980:380)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- North Atlantic Ocean

Liocranchia elongata Issel, 1908a:102.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Liocranchia reinhardti (Steenstrup, 1856) [fide Pfeffer (1912:667)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Caribbean Sea (13°55'N, 77°43'W)

Teuthowenia elongata Sasaki, 1929:327, pl 26 figs 7-12.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Kubodera (2000a:1073)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MSUT[TIU] Holotype
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Misaki, Sagami Province, Japan

Taonius elongatus Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1885d:317.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Nomen nudum.

Taonius elongatus Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1886:189, pl 28 fig 13.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Systematic status undetermined
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated

Perothis eschscholtzii Rathke, 1833:149, figs 1-15.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia cyclura Lesueur, 1821 [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved, 3 Syntypes; 1 syntype at ZMB [fide Glaubrecht and
††† Salcedo-Vargas (2000:274); however locality is different]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- SE of Madagascar (28°S, 50°E) [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:274)]

Octopus (Philonexis) eylais D'Orbigny, 1834 In 1834-1847:20, pl 1 figs 8-14.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Cranchia scabra Leach, 1817 [fide Hoyle (1904b:43)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Holotype; specimen not extant [fide Lu et al. (1995:315)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Atlantic, 22°N, 36°W of Paris [fide Lu et al. (1995:315)]

Helicocranchia fisheri Berry, 1909:417.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. --?Megalocranchia abyssicola (Goodrich, 1896) [fide Nesis (1987a:275)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 214316 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:13)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Pailolo Channel, Hawaiian Islands

Liocranchia gardineri Robson, 1921:434, text-figs 1-2, pl 65.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. --?Valid species [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1947.6.19.6 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:106)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Desroches Atoll, Indian Ocean

Crystalloteuthis glacialis Chun, 1906:85.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Galiteuthis glacialis [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Holotype Moll.-110013 [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:275)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Antarctic Drift Current 59°16'S, 40°13'E [fide Chun (1910:372)]

Cranchia (Liocranchia) globula Berry, 1909:415, fig 9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Sytematic status undetermined
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 214315 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:14)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- South of Lanai Island, Hawaiian Islands

Loligopsis guttata Grant, 1833a:22, figs 2-10.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia cyclura Lesueur, 1821 [fide Pfeffer (1912:650)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Indian Ocean

Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni Robson, 1925:272, figs 1-2.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:394)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1926.3.31.28 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:107)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 50 miles north of Smith Island, South Shetland Islands (from sperm whale stomach)

Cranchia hispida Pfeffer, 1884:27, fig 37.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Cranchia scabra Leach, 1817 [fide Pfeffer (1912:679)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMH Holotype [species not traced in Guerrero-Kommritz (2001)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- South Seas [fide Pfeffer (1912:688)]

Leachia hyperborea Steenstrup, 1856:200.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia megalops (Prosch, 1847) [fide Voss (1985:15)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Holotype [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:222)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Baffin Bay, off North Greenland [fide Voss (1985:16)]

Anomalocranchia impennis Robson, 1924a:9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia pellucida (Chun, 1910) [fide Voss (1985:42)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1924.9.9.38 [fide Voss (1980:400)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 33°30'S, 17°12'E, off Cape Town, South Africa [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:107)]

Taonidium incertum Pfeffer, 1912:724.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis sp. [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUU Holotype [fide Pfeffer (1912:725)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 47°30'N, 16°W (Atlantic Ocean)

Egea inermis Joubin, 1933:48, figs 47-48.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:396)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Lectotype [fide N. Voss (1974:947)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 33°51'N, 66°43'W (Atlantic Ocean) [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:222)]

Liocranchia intermedia Robson, 1924a:6.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Liocranchia reinhardti (Steenstrup, 1856) [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1924.9.9.44 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:107)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 29°40'S, 31°41'E, Natal coast, South Africa

Ascocranchia joubini Voss, 1962c:2, fig 1a-f.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Helicocranchia joubini [fide Nesis (1987a:271)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MOM Holotype [station 3313]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 45°02'N, 13°05'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Hensenioteuthis joubini Pfeffer, 1900:193.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Species dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; specimen not extant [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 99°31.7’N, 43.9°W Sargasso Sea (Atlantic Ocean) [fide Pfeffer (1912:748)]

Loligo laevis Blainville, 1823:123.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Cranchia? sp. [fide Steenstrup (1861b:79)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; [other Blainville types at MNHN]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Mers d'Afrique

Loligo leachii Blainville, 1823:124.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Leachia cyclura Lesueur, 1821 [fide Hoyle (1885d:326)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Holotype; specimen not extant [fide Lu et al. (1995:318)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated

Pyrgopsis lemur Berry, 1920b:298, pl 16 fig 5.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss et al., (1992:189)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 338698 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:15)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 35°27'N, 73°14'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Phasmatopsis lucifer Voss, 1963a:77, figs 1-2.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Egea inermis Joubin, 1933 [fide Nesis (1987a:265)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 727770 [fide Roper and Sweeney (1978:8)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 29°06'N, 88°02'W (Gulf of Mexico)

Bathothauma lyromma Chun, 1906:86.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:384)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Holotype Moll.-110019 [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:276)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- West of Cape Verde Islands (17°28'N, 29°42'W)

Cranchia maculata Leach, 1817b:140.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Teuthowenia maculata [fide Voss (1985:32)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1983100 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:107)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated; 1°36'S, 8°47'E (Atlantic Ocean) [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:107)]

Megalocranchia maxima Pfeffer, 1884:24, figs 32-32a.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:398)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMH Holotype; no longer extant [fide Guerrero-Kommritz (2001:174)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Cape of Good Hope

Cranchia (Owenia) megalops Prosch, 1847:71, figs 4-6.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Teuthowenia megalops [fide Voss (1985:15)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Holotype [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:223)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated; Faroes, Atlantic Ocean [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:223)]

Sandalops melancholicus Chun, 1906:86.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:386)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Lectotype Moll.-110022a† [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:277)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Tristan da Cunha Island (32°8'S, 8°28'W)

Carynoteuthis oceanica Voss, 1960:434, fig 75a-f.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Megalocranchia oceanica [fide Nesis (1987a:275)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- FMNH Holotype 78326
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 32°08'N, 64∞33'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Belonella pacifica pacifica Nesis, 1972a:342, fig 1.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Belonella belone (Chun, 1906) [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 332946
TYPE LOCALITY. -- East China Sea, 31°39'N, 129°20.5'E (Pacific Ocean)

Zygaenopsis pacifica Issel, 1908a:103.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Leachia (Pyrgopsis) pacifica [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Between Tahiti Island and Pago Pago Island (14°32'S, 167°43'W)

Taonidium pacificum Robson, 1948:130, text-fig 14.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Galiteuthis pacifica [fide Nesis (1987a:275)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Syntypes (2) 1947.7.7.8.1-2 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:108)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- North and Northeast of Coccos Island

Megalocranchia papillata Voss, 1960:430, fig 74a-h.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Helicocranchia papillata [fide Nesis (1987a:271)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- FMNH Holotype 78316
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 32°05'N, 64°38'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Megalocranchia pardus Berry, 1916:61, text-figs 19-22, pl 9.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Liguriella pardus [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 816465 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:16)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands

Sandalops pathopsis Berry, 1920b:297, pl 16 fig 1.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Sytematic status undetermined
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH 338696 Holotype [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:16)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 32°33'N, 72°14'W (Sargasso Sea)

Loligo pavo Lesueur, 1821:96, pl 12.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Taonius pavo [fide Steenstrup (1861b:70)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Holotype 7-3-743 [fide Lu et al. (1995:322)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Sandy Bay, Atlantic Ocean

Desmoteuthis pellucida Chun, 1910:357, pls 53-54.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Teuthowenia pellucida [fide Voss (1985:41)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Holotype Moll.-110025 [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:277)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 33°20'S, 15°58'E (Atlantic Ocean)

Cranchia perlucida Rang, 1837:67, pl 94.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Systematic status undetermined
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Type; specimen not extant [fide Lu et al. (1995:322)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Equatorial Ocean, Atlantic Ocean

Helicocranchia pfefferi Massy, 1907:382.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:382)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1890.1.24.10 [fide J.A. Freeman (pers. comm.)]; 1909.11.27.10 [fide Voss (1980:382) and Lipinski et al. (2000:108)]]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 51°54'N, 11°57'W, Southwest coast of Ireland

Leucocranchia pfefferi Joubin, 1912b:396.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Bathothauma lyromma Chun, 1906 [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MOM Syntypes (2); Holotype [fide Voss (1980:384)] [=Lectotype]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated

Taonidium pfefferi Russell, 1909:451.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis armata Joubin, 1898 [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Type not extant [fide Toll (1985:601)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 60°03'N, 3°53'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Galiteuthis phyllura Berry, 1911c:592.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Holotype 214325 [fide Sweeney et al. (1988:16)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Monterey Bay, California

Liguriella podophthalma Issel, 1908a:103.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:388)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved [fide Voss (1980:388)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Atlantic Ocean (28°38'S, 47∞31'W)

Anisoctus punctatus Rafinesque, 1840:65.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. --?Leachia sp. [fide Hoyle (1910b:407)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated

Leachia reinhardti Steenstrup, 1856:200.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Liocranchia reinhardti [fide Voss (1980:378)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Syntypes (3) [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:223)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 15°19'N, 24°54'W and 23°N, 32°W (Atlantic Ocean)

Taonius richardi Joubin, 1895a:46, pl 3 figs 5-6, pl 4 figs 3-5.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Galiteuthis sp. [fide Voss (1980:392)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MOM Holotype [station 262] [fide Belloc (1950:8)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 47°17'17"N, 11°58'51"W (Atlantic Ocean) (from stomach of tuna Thynnus alalonga)

Megalocranchia richardsoni Dell, 1959:10, figs 7-10.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia pellucida (Chun, 1910) [fide Voss (1985:42)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNZ Holotype M12940 [fide Marshall (1996:43)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 37°29'S, 177°17'E (Pacific Ocean)

Pyrgopsis rynchophorus Rochebrune, 1884a:23, pl 2 figs 1-6.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Leachia (Pyrgopsis) rynchophorus [fide Nesis (1987a:271)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MNHN Holotype 3-8-742 [fide Lu et al. (1995:324)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Banc des Aiguilles, Cape of Good Hope

Cranchia scabra Leach, 1817b:140.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Voss (1980:376)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype 1986265 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:108)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Not designated; Africa

Loligopsis schneehagenii Pfeffer, 1884:23, fig 31.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. --?Leachia (Pyrgopsis) pacifica (Issel, 1908) [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMH Holotype [species not traced in Guerrero-Kommritz (2001)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Chile

Corynomma speculator Chun, 1906:85.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Megalocranchia abyssicola (Goodrich, 1896) [fide Nesis (1987a:275)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Lectotype [fide Nesis (1974:6)] Moll.-110033a [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:279)]; [see Chun (1910:pl 55, figs 1-8)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Indian South Equatorial Current (4°45'S, 48°58'E) [fide Nesis (1974:6)]

Procalistes suhmi Lankester, 1884:317, text-figs 1-2.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Species dubium [fide Voss (1980:403)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Syntypes 1890.1.24.20-22 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:109)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 34°50'S, 155°28'E, from Sydney to Wellington [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:109)]

Taonius suhmi Hoyle, 1886:192, pl 32 figs 5-11.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species; Galiteuthis suhmi [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- Unresolved; BMNH Syntype 90.1.24.19 [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:109)]; NMGW Syntype (1?)
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 47°25'S, 130°22'E (Southern Ocean) [fide Hoyle (1886:192)]

Teuthowenia tagoi Sasaki, 1929:326, text-fig 150, pl 26 figs 1-6.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Systematic status undetermined
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- MSUT[TIU] Holotype
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Enoura, Suruga Province, Japan

Desmoteuthis tenera Verrill, 1881 In 1880-1881:412, pl 55 fig 2-2d, pl 56 fig 3.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia megalops (Prosch, 1847) [fide Voss (1985:15)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- NMNH Syntype 574850 [fide Roper and Sweeney (1978:13)] and YPM Syntype 12462
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 39°55'00"N, 70°28'00"W (Atlantic Ocean)

Cranchia tenuitentaculata Pfeffer, 1884:24, fig 36.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Cranchia scabra Leach, 1817 [fide Pfeffer (1912:679)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMH Holotype [species not traced in Guerrero-Kommritz (2001)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- Sao Thome [fide Pfeffer (1912:688)]

Desmoteuthis thori Degner, 1925:68, figs 45-48.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Teuthowenia megalops (Prosch, 1847) [fide Voss (1985:15)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMUC Holotype [fide Kristensen and Knudsen (1983:224)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 46°30'N, 07°00'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Galiteuthis triluminosa Lu and Clarke, 1974:991, figs 3-4.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Belonella belone (Chun, 1906) [fide Nesis (1987a:274)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- BMNH Holotype; not found [fide Lipinski et al. (2000:114)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 29°58.5'N, 22°59.7'W (Atlantic Ocean)

Liocranchia valdiviae Chun, 1910:337, pl 48 figs 3-4, pl 51 figs 1-4, 8-10, pl 60 figs 7-11.

CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS. -- Valid species [fide Nesis (1987a:270)]
TYPE REPOSITORY. -- ZMB Lectotype Moll.-110038a [fide Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000:279)]
TYPE LOCALITY. -- 4°45'S, 48°58'E (Indian Ocean)

 

Type Repositories

BMNH-The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England (formerly British Museum (Natural History)).† [For type catalog see Lipinski et al. (2000)]

FMNH-Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road & Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A. (formerly Chicago Natural History Museum).

MHNN-Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Musee Barla), 60 bis blvd Risso, 06300 Nice, France.

MNHN-Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Biologie Invertebres Marins et Malacologie, 55, rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris 05, France.† [For type catalog see Lu et al. (1995)]

MOM- MusÈe OcÈanographique, Avenue Saint-Martin, Monaco-Ville, MC98000, Monaco.† [For type catalog see Belloc (1950)]

MSUT-University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113, Japan (includes former Tokyo Imperial University (TIU) collection and University of Tokyo Department of Fisheries (FUMT) collection).

NMGW- National Museums and Galleries of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF1 3NP, Wales.

NMNH-National Museum of Natural History, 10th & Constitution Avenue, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, U.S.A. (formerly USNM).† [For type catalogs see Roper and Sweeney (1978); Sweeney et al. (1988)]

NMNZ-National Museum of New Zealand, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand (formerly Colonial Museum; Dominion Museum).† [For type catalog see Marshall (1996)]

SAM- South African Museum, Government Avenue, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.

SBMNH-Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, U.S.A.† [For type catalogs see Hertz (1984); Scott et al. (1990)]

ZIN- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199164, Russia.

ZMB- Zoologisches Museum, Museum f¸r Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-1040 Berlin, Germany.† [For type catalog see Glaubrecht and Salcedo-Vargas (2000)]

ZMH- Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 3, 2000 Hamburg 13, Germany.† [For type catalog see Guerrero-Kommritz (2001)]

ZMMGU-Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, u1. Gensena 6, Moscow, Russia.† [For type catalog see Ivanov and Sysoev (2000)]

ZMUC-Kobenhavns Universitet, Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.† [For type catalog see Kristensen and Knudsen (1983); See also Volsoe et al. (1962) for Steenstrup papers]

ZMUU-Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala Universitets, Villavagen 9, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.† [For type catalog see Wallin (1991)]

ZSI- Zoological Survey of India, "M" Block, New Alipore, Calcutta 700053, India.† [For type catalog see Thomson (In prep.)]

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Russell, E.S. 1909.  Preliminary notice on the Cephalopoda collected by the Fishery Cruiser Goldseeker 1903-1908.  Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8)3:446-455.

Sasaki, M. 1920.  Report on cephalopods collected during 1906 by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in the northwestern Pacific.  Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57(2310):163-203, 4 plates.

Sasaki, M. 1929.  A monograph of the dibranchiate cephalopods of the Japanese and adjacent waters.  Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 20(supplement):1-357, 159 figures, 30 plates.

Scott, P.H., F.G. Hochberg and B. Roth. 1990.  Catalog of Recent and fossil molluscan types in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. I. Caudofoveata, Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda.  The Veliger, 33(Suppl. 1):1-27.

Sherborn, C.D. and F.J. Griffin. 1934.  On the dates of publication of the Natural History portions of Alcida d'Orbigny's ‘Voyage Amerique Meridionale.’  Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (series 10)13:130-134.

Steenstrup, J. 1856.  Hectoctyldannelsen hos Octopodslaegterne Argonauta og Tremoctopus, oplyst ved Iagttagelse af lignende Dannelser hos Blacksprutterne i Almindelighed.  Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 5 Raekke, Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk, 4:185-216, 2 plates.

Steenstrup, J. 1861b.  Overblik over de i Kjobenhavns Museer opbevarede Blaeksprutter fra det aabne Hav (1860-61).  Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1861:69-86.

Sweeney, M.J., C.F.E. Roper, and F.G. Hochberg. 1988.  Catalog of the type specimens of Recent Cephalopoda described by S. Stillman Berry.  Malacologia, 29(1):7-19.

Toll, R.B. 1985.  The reinstatement of Bathypolypus faeroensis (Russell, 1909) (Octopoda: Bathypolypodinae).  Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 98(3):598-603.

Verany, J.B. 1851.  Céphalopdes de la Méditerranée.  Mollusques Méditerranéens Observes, Decrits, Figures et Chromolithographies a apres le vivant ouvrage dedii ASM le roi Charles Albert, I:1-132, 41 plates.

Verrill, A.E. 1880-1881.  The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part II. The smaller cephalopods, including the "squids" and the octopi, with other allied forms.  Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, 5(6):259-446, 33 plates.

Volsoe, A., J. Knudsen and W. Rees. 1962.  The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup; a translation into English. Danish Science Press, Copenhagen, 330 pages.

Voss, G.L. 1960.  Bermudan Cephalopoda.  Fieldiana, Zoology, 39(40):419-446, 3 figures.

Voss, G.L. 1962c.  Ascocranchia joubini, a new genus and species of cranchiid squid from the North Atlantic.  Bulletin de L'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 1242:1-6, 1 figure.

Voss, G.L. 1962e.  List of the types and species of cephalopods in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.  Notulae Naturae, 356:1-7.

Voss, G.L. 1963a.  A new species of cranchiid squid, Phasmatopsis lucifer from the Gulf of Mexico.  Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 13(1):77-83, 2 figures.

Voss, G.L. 1967.  Some bathypelagic cephalopods from South African waters.  Annals of the South African Museum, 50(5):61-88, 9 plates.

Voss, N.A. 1974.  Studies on the cephalopod family Cranchiidae, a redescription of Egea inermis Joubin, 1933.  Bulletin of Marine Science, 24(4):939-956.

Voss, N.A. 1980.  A generic revision of the Cranchiidae (Cephalopoda; Oegopsida).  Bulletin of Marine Science, 39(2):365-412, 13 figures.

Voss, N.A. 1985.  Systematics, biology and biogeography of the cranchiid cephalopod genus Teuthowenia (Oegopsida).  Bulletin of Marine Science, 36(1):1-85, 24 figures.

Voss, N.A., S.J. Stephen and Zh. Dong. 1992.  Family Cranchiidae Prosch, 1849, pages 187-210. In: M.J. Sweeney et al. (Eds.) “Larval” and juvenile cephalopods: a manual for their identification. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 513:1-282.

Wallin, L. 1991.  Catalogue of type specimens. 2. General Zoology.  Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 80 pages.

Young, R.E. 1972.  The systematics and areal distribution of pelagic cephalopods from the seas off southern California.  Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 97:1-159, 15 figures, 38 plates.

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