Oh my goodness! Unless you are a Tree of Life developer, you really shouldn't be here. This page is part of our beta test site, where we develop new features for the ToL, often messing up a thing or two in the process. Please visit the official version of this page, which is available here.
Peer-Reviewed

Effects of Aspidogastrea on the Host

Klaus Rohde

Effects on the host were studied in Lobatostoma manteri infecting snails. Both naturally and experimentally infected snails were examined. Naturally infected Cerithium moniliferum harbour usually a single parasite coiled up in a cavity formed by the main and (or some?) side ducts of the digestive gland with metaplasia of the duct epithelium, hyperplasia of the interfollicular connective tissue and ameobocytes, and necrosis of some glandular follicles (Fig.1-3) (Rohde, 1972, 1973, 1975).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 1. Cerithium moniliferum. Section through digestive gland of uninfected snail showing glandular duct (DD) and glandular follicles (D).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 2. Cerithium moniliferum. Section through snail with a single Lobatostoma manteri (L) in the digestive gland (D). Also note spermducts (S) of snail filled with sperm.

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 3. Cerithium moniliferum. Section through adhesive disc (L) of Lobatostoma manteri attached to snail tissue. Note dense fibrous tissue (F) close to adhesive disc.

The snail Peristernia australiensis harbours up to six parasites in the stomach and large digestive ducts of the gland (Fig.4), with a thickening of the subepithelial connective tissue layer (Figs. 4 and 5).

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 4. Peristernia australiensis. Section through oesophagus (O), digestive gland (D) and stomach (S) with two Lobatostoma manteri (L). Note thick fibrous layer (*) below stomach epithelium of host.

Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window

Figure 5. Peristernia australiensis. Section through digestive gland (D) and stomach (S) of uninfected snail. Note: no thick fibrous layer below stomach epithelium of snail.

There was a strong decrease in the relative number of infected snails of both species over a four month period at a heavily infected site at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. During the period of high frequency of infection, Cerithium infected with Digenea contained Lobatostoma relatively more frequently than Cerithium without Digenea. Snails with double infections disappeared first. Infection with Lobatostoma did not affect the relative number of egg-producing Cerithium during the period of high frequency of infection.

Planaxis sulcatus and Cerithium moniliferum were experimentally infected with large numbers of eggs. The larvae hatched in the stomach and migrated immediately along the ducts of the digestive gland into the digestive follicles. The larvae fed on the secretion and probably epithelial cells of the follicles. The posterior sucker was used for adhesion to the epithelium and contributed to its erosion. In heavily infected snails, the digestive follicles disappeared gradually and the larvae lived in cavities lined by a flattened epithelium, parts of which show secretory activity. In snails dissected 47-49 and 65-66 days after infection, the cavities were fused, forming several large spaces which communicate with each other; only small parts of the epithelium were still secretory. Concentrations of ameobocytes occurred in the walls of the digestive gland and in the wall between digestive gland and stomach of infected Planaxis. No tissue reactions were seen around the stomach except in the wall between digestive gland and the stomach. In Cerithium with 65-67 days old infection, the cavities contained much detritus and disintegrating cells, the epithelium was practically non-secretory and surrounded by loose connective tissue.

References

Rohde, K. (1972). The Aspidogastrea, especially Multicotyle purvisi Dawes, 1941. Advances in Parasitology 10, 77 - 151.

Rohde, K. (1973). Host-parasite relations in Lobatostoma manteri Rohde (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 42, 115-136.

Rohde, K. (1975). Early development and pathogenesis of Lobatostoma manteri Rohde (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea). International Journal for Parasitology 5, 597-607.

About This Page

Klaus Rohde
University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

Page: Tree of Life Effects of Aspidogastrea on the Host Authored by Klaus Rohde. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

close box

This page is an article that is attached to a branch of the Tree of Life.

ToL articles provide more in-depth information about important features of a given group of organisms.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

close box

Aspidogastrea

Page Content

articles & notes

collections

people

Explore Other Groups

random page

  go to the Tree of Life home page
top