Thysanoptera

Introduction

Characteristics

• asymmetrical mouthparts with right mandible lost
• pretarsus with protrusible "bladder", which balloons out as leg makes contact with the ground.
• wing linear with long marginal setae
• two or three quiescent, pre-imaginal instars

Other Names for Thysanoptera

• thysanopterans
• Thrips

References

Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1969. Indian Thysanoptera. CSIR Zoological Monograph, no. 1. Publications and Informative Directorate CSIR, New Delhi: 171 pp.

Ananthakrishnan, T. N. and A. Raman. 1989. Thrips and Gall Dynamics. Leiden: Brill.

Crespi, B. J., D. C. Morris, and L. A. Mound. 2004. Evolution of Ecological and Behavioural Diversity. Australian Acacia Thrips as Model Organisms. Canberra: Aust. Biol. Resourc. Study/Aust. Natl. Insect Collect.

CSIRO. 1991. The Insects of Australia: a Textbook for Students and Research Workers. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press.

Heming, B.S. 1972. Functional morphology of the pretarsus in larval Thysanoptera. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 50:751-766.

Holman, T. 1987. Population structure, genetics and taxonomy of Aphids and Thysanoptera: proceedings of international symposia, held at Smolenice, Czech., September 9 - 14, 1985. SPB Academic Pub., The Hague, Netherlands: 542 pp.

Johansen, R. M. 1985. New taxonomic and phylogenetic concepts of the genus Elaphrothrips Buffa, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) of the American Continent, with the description of two new species. Anales Del Instituto De Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico Serie Zoologia 56(3): 745-868.

Johansen, R. M. 1985. Revision of the tribe Humboldthripini Johansen, 1983 (Insecta, Thysanoptera: Thripidae: Thripinae). Anales Del Instituto De Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico Serie Zoologia 56(3): 697-744.

Johansen, R. M. and A. M. Mojica. 1985. The present knowledge about the genus Oxythrips Uzel, 1895 (Insecta, Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in North America. Anales Del Instituto De Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico Serie Zoologia 56(2): 383-400.

Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips, Their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance. Academic Press, New York.

Moritz, G., L. A. Mound, D. C. Morris, and A. Goldarazena. 2004. Pest thrips of the world: an identification and information system using molecular and microscopical methods. CD-ROM. Brisbane: Cent. Biol. Inf. Technol.

Morris, D. C. and L. A. Mound. 2003. Thysanoptera phylogeny -- the molecular future. Entomologische Abhandlungen 61:153-155.

Morris, D. C., M. P. Schwarz, and S. J. B. Cooper, and L. A. Mound. 2002. Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behavior and ecology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25(2): 278-292.

Morris, D. C., M. P. Schwarz, B. J. Crespi, et al. 2001. Phylogenetics of gall-inducing thrips on Australian Acacia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74(1): 73-86.

Mound, L. 1987. An annotated check-list of Thysanoptera from Australia. Brit. Mus. Nat. History Pub., London.

Mound, L. A. 1968. A review of R. S. Bagnall's Thysanoptera collections. British Museum (Natural History), London: 181 pp.

Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian Thysanoptera: biological diversity and a diversity of studies. Australian Journal of Entomology 43:248-57.

Mound, L. A. 2004. Fighting, flight and fecundity: behavioural determinants of Thysanoptera structural diversity. In Insects and Phenotypic Plasticity, ed. T. N. Ananthakrishnan, D. Whitman, pp. 81-105. Enfield, NH: Science

Mound, L. A. 2005. Thysanoptera: Diversity and Interactions. Annual Review of Entomology 50:247-269.

Mound, L.A., and B.S. Heming. 1991. Thysanoptera. Pp. 510-515 in CSIRO (1991).

Mound, L.A., B.S. Heming, and J. M. Palmer. 1980. Phylogenetic relationships between the families of recent Thysanoptera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society London 69:111-41.

Mound, L.A. and R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction. Mem. Entomol. Int. 6:1-488.

Mound, L.A. and D. C. Morris. 2003. The morphological background to Thysanoptera phylogeny. Entomologische Abhandlungen 61:151-53.

Mound, L.A. and D. C. Morris. 2004. Gall inducing thrips: an evolutionary perspective. In Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods, ed. A Raman, pp. 59-72. Enfield, NH.

Mound, L.A. and D. C. Morris. 2007. The insect order Thysanoptera: classification versus systematics. Pages 395-411 in: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A., eds. Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa 1668:1–766.

Mound, L. A. and A. K. Walker. 1982. Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 1:1-113

Mound, L. A. and A. K. Walker. 1986. Tubulifera (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 0(10):3-140.

Palmer, J. M., Mound, L. A., Du Hegume, G. J., and Betts, C. R. 1989. Thysanoptera, CIE guides to insects of importance to man. CAB International, London: 73 pp.

Priesner, H. 1960. A monograph of the Thysanoptera of the Egyptian deserts. Institut du Desert d'Egypte, El Mataria-La Caire: 549 pp.

Priesner, H. 1964c. Ordnung Thysanoptera (Frasenflugler, Thripse). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin: 242 pp.

Wilson, T. H. 1977. A monograph of the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan: 354 pp.

Information on the Internet

• CSIRO Entomology - Thysanoptera
• Laurence Mound's Research
• ThripsNet