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Limenitis Fabricius 1807

Andrew V. Z. Brower
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taxon links [up-->]Limenitis archippus [up-->]Limenitis arthemis Phylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertain[down<--]Limenitidini Interpreting the tree
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Containing group: Limenitidini

Introduction

A holarctic genus which includes four North American species and a number of Eurasian species, the taxonomy of which may be somewhat oversplit given the high degree of hybridization and intraspecific variation exhibited among the North American representatives.

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

The above phylogenetic hypothesis is based on the combined mtDNA + Ef-1 alpha sequence-based phylogenetic analysis of Mullen (2006). The two genes in Mullen's data support alternate positions for L. populi (mtDNA places it at the base of the North American clade), suggesting that the reciprocal monophyly of Old and New World groups implied here is not stable.

Nomenclature and synonymy

Basilarchia is the name used by some authors for the North American species. These represent a distinct clade relative to the Palearctic Limenitis (Mullen 2006), but may render the Old World remainder paraphyletic.

Other Names for Limenitis Fabricius 1807

References

Mullen SP. 2006. Wing pattern evolution and the origins of mimicry among North American admiral butterflies (Nymphalidae: Limenitis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39: 747-758.

Prudic, K. L. and J. C. Oliver. 2008. Once a Batesian mimic, not always a Batesian mimic: mimic reverts back to ancestral phenotype when the model is absent. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 275:1125-1132.

Tuzov VK, Bogdanov PV, Devyatkin AL, Kaabak LV, Korolev VA, Murzin VS, Samodurov GD, and Tarasov EA. 1997. Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Pensoft, Sofia.

Information on the Internet

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Limenitis archippus
Location N. Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Vivid Beauty
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Marty DeAngelo
Scientific Name Limenitis arthemis
Location southeastern USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Red-Spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis)
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2008 poppy2323
Scientific Name Limenitis lorquini
Location Nutmeg Trail (Par Course), Brooktrails near Willits, California, USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Lorquin's Admiral
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Larry
About This Page


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Limenitis Fabricius 1807. Authored by Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2009. Limenitis Fabricius 1807. Version 09 June 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Limenitis/70371/2009.06.09 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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