Dirini
Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower
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close boxCharacteristics
The tribe was characterized by Miller (1968) as exhibiting a forewing cell shorter than half the length of the forewing, although his circumscription did not include Aeropetes or Paralethe, both formerly placed in Lethini (Miller, 1968) or Elymniini (Ackery et al. 1995), but now considered to belong to the tribe (Peņa et al. 2006; Price et al. 2011). Price et al. indicate that the presence of a scaphium on the male genitalia is the sole known morphological synapomorphy uniting the group (the short forewing cell unites Dira, Dingana Serradinga, Torynesis and Tarsocera.Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
Hypothesis of relationships based on the analysis of morphology and molecules by Price et al. (2011).References
Ackery PR, Smith CR, and Vane-Wright RI eds. 1995. Carcasson's African butterflies. Canberra: CSIRO.
Miller, L.D. (1968) The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Mem. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 24, 1-174.
Peņa, C., Wahlberg, N., Weingartner, E., Kodandaramaiah, U., Nylin, S., Freitas, A.V.L. & Brower, A.V.Z. (2006) Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 40, 29-49.
Price, B.W., Villet, M.H., Walton, S.M. & Barker, N.P. (2011) Using molecules and morphology to infer the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the Dirini (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), a tribe of butterflies endemic to southern Africa. Systematic Entomology 36, 300-316.
Title Illustrations
| Scientific Name | Dira clytus |
|---|---|
| Location | Cape Town, South Africa |
| Source | Dira clytus |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| Image Use |
 This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
|
| Copyright | © 2006 Nathan Meyers |
About This Page
Niklas Wahlberg
University of Turku, Finland
Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Niklas Wahlberg at and Andrew V. Z. Brower at
Page copyright © 2011 Niklas Wahlberg and
Page: Tree of Life
Dirini .
Authored by
Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower.
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- First online 25 September 2006
- Content changed 09 December 2011
Citing this page:
Wahlberg, Niklas and Andrew V. Z. Brower. 2011. Dirini . Version 09 December 2011 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Dirini/70267/2011.12.09 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
