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Charaxini Guenée 1865

Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower
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Euxanthe wakefieldi, Tanzania
Containing group: Charaxinae

Introduction

Three palaeotropical genera of large, fruit-feeding nymphalids.  Larvae have "horns" on the head capsule and bifid "tails" like those of Satyrinae.  The recent molecular analysis of Aduse-Poku et al. (2009) implies quite strongly that Charaxes is paraphyletic with respect to both Euxanthe and Polyura.  However, the latter two genera are clearly monophyletic.

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

The list of species included here below the link to Charaxes are those species that have not been sampled in the phylogenetic studies upon which the tree is based or assigned to a species group  by the cited authors.

They ARE part of Charaxes, but are listed here because including them within Charaxes makes Charaxes and Charaxini equivalent groups  and collapses the tribe, due to the apparent paraphyly of the former. 

References

Ackery PR, Smith CR, and Vane-Wright RI eds. 1995. Carcasson's African butterflies. Canberra: CSIRO.

Aduse-Poku, K., Vingerhoedt, E.,Wahlberg, N. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on 5 gene regions. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 53, 463-478.

Larsen, T. B. 2005 Butterflies of West Africa. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books.

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Charaxes jasius
Location Ourense, Galicia, Spain
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source charaxes jasius
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Julio Iglesias
Scientific Name Polyura hebe
Location Singapore
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Polyura hebe plautus (Plain Nawab)
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 AK
Euxanthe wakefieldi, Tanzania
Scientific Name Euxanthe wakefieldi
Location Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Identified By David Bygott
Life Cycle Stage Adult
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Copyright © 2004
About This Page

Niklas Wahlberg
University of Turku, Finland


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Niklas Wahlberg at and Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Charaxini Guenée 1865. Authored by Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Wahlberg, Niklas and Andrew V. Z. Brower. 2012. Charaxini Guenée 1865. Version 12 March 2012 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Charaxini/70250/2012.03.12 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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